Definition

Noun: 1. A hard, compact variety of calcite: A specific type of stone, also known as onyx marble or Algerian onyx, characterized by its hardness and dense structure. It is a form of calcite (calcium carbonate) used historically for carvings and ornaments.

Usage

• As a material noun: The term is used to refer to the stone itself as a substance or material.
  • The ancient vase was carved from a single block of oriental alabaster.
  • Sculptors valued oriental alabaster for its translucency and smooth texture.

Advanced Usage

• In art and archaeology: The term is often used in descriptions of historical artifacts, architecture, and decorative arts to specify the material.
  • The museum's collection includes several Mesopotamian cylinder seals made of oriental alabaster.

Variants and Related Words

• Onyx marble: A synonym for oriental alabaster.
• Algerian onyx: Another term for the same material, often referencing its source.
• Calcite: The mineral species to which oriental alabaster belongs.
• Alabaster (calcium sulfate variety): A related but distinct soft mineral (gypsum) also used for carving. It is crucial to distinguish between the hard calcite "oriental alabaster" and the softer gypsum "alabaster."

Synonyms

• Onyx marble
• Algerian onyx

Notes on Meaning

• Primary Meaning: The term specifically denotes a hard, banded form of calcite. It is not the same as the more common, softer alabaster made of gypsum.
• Contextual Clarification: In modern contexts, the word "alabaster" alone typically refers to the soft gypsum variety. Therefore, "oriental alabaster" is used for precision to specify the hard calcite type.

Noun

1. a hard compact kind of calcite